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Vulvodynia
Mild
Vulvodynia is a chronic pain disorder affecting the vulva, the external female genital area. It may cause burning, stinging, aching, itching, or sharp pain that lasts for months or longer. Pain may be localized to one area or affect a larger part of the vulva. Symptoms may be triggered or worsened by sexual activity, tampon insertion, sitting, exercise, tight clothing, or pressure on the area.
Body System
Female Reproductive System
When to Seek Medical Attention
Vulvodynia is generally a chronic condition and is not usually an emergency. Seek medical assessment for persistent vulvar pain, burning, irritation, or pain that interferes with daily activities or sexual function. Prompt evaluation is appropriate for new sores, significant bleeding, marked swelling, fever, or rapidly worsening symptoms.
Symptoms
2
Causes
1
Treatments
5
Diet
3
Overview
Vulvodynia is a chronic pain disorder affecting the vulva, the external female genital area. It may cause burning, stinging, aching, itching, or sharp pain that lasts for months or longer. Pain may be localized to one area or affect a larger part of the vulva. Symptoms may be triggered or worsened by sexual activity, tampon insertion, sitting, exercise, tight clothing, or pressure on the area.
Symptoms 2
Breast Lump
Skin Redness
Causes 1
The exact cause of vulvodynia is unknown. Possible contributing factors include irritation or injury of vulvar nerves, hormonal changes, abnormal responses to inflammation or infection, pelvic floor muscle problems, genetic susceptibility, or increased sensitivity of nerve fibers. Vulvodynia is not considered a sexually transmitted infection, and an STI does not itself cause the disorder.
Hormonal Imbalance
Risk Factors
The factors that determine who develops vulvodynia are not fully understood. Possible contributors include previous vulvar irritation or injury, hormonal changes, pelvic floor muscle dysfunction, and increased sensitivity to inflammation or physical pressure. Symptoms may be aggravated by sexual activity, prolonged sitting, tight clothing, cycling, or other activities that place pressure on the vulva.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a patient's medical history,
symptoms, physical examination and, when necessary,
laboratory or imaging investigations.
Diagnosis is based on the pattern and duration of vulvar pain and requires evaluation for other possible causes. A healthcare professional may take a detailed medical history and perform a pelvic and vulvar examination. A cotton-swab test may be used to identify areas of tenderness. Urine tests, vaginal tests, or other investigations may be performed to exclude urinary infections, yeast infections, skin disorders, or other conditions.
Prevention
Key Prevention Tips
Because the exact cause of vulvodynia is unknown, there is no reliable method to prevent it
Avoiding known irritants may help reduce symptoms in people who are sensitive to them
Wearing loose clothing, using gentle unscented products, avoiding unnecessary irritation, and addressing pelvic floor problems when present may be helpful
Persistent or unexplained vulvar pain should be assessed by a healthcare professional
Prevention Guidance
Because the exact cause of vulvodynia is unknown, there is no reliable method to prevent it. Avoiding known irritants may help reduce symptoms in people who are sensitive to them. Wearing loose clothing, using gentle unscented products, avoiding unnecessary irritation, and addressing pelvic floor problems when present may be helpful. Persistent or unexplained vulvar pain should be assessed by a healthcare professional.
Reminder: Prevention recommendations should be tailored to your personal health status and risk factors.
Treatment & Management 5
Detailed treatment guidance is currently being prepared.
Detailed treatment guidance is currently being prepared.
Detailed treatment guidance is currently being prepared.
Detailed treatment guidance is currently being prepared.
Detailed treatment guidance is currently being prepared.
Medical Note: The treatment information provided is intended for educational purposes only.
Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting,
stopping, or changing any treatment.
Diet & Nutrition 3
Recommended Foods
Fresh Fruits
Provide antioxidants.
Vegetables
Support overall wellbeing.
Omega-3 Rich Foods
May help support healthy inflammatory response.
Foods to Avoid
Highly Processed Foods
May aggravate inflammation.
Excess Caffeine
May worsen discomfort in some individuals.
Medical Nutrition Note: Diet recommendations are intended for general educational purposes and should be tailored to individual health needs by a qualified healthcare professional.
Frequently Asked Questions 5
It is chronic pain around the vulva without an obvious cause.
Burning, stinging, and discomfort may occur.
The exact cause is often unknown.
Diagnosis is based on symptoms and exclusion of other conditions.
Yes, symptom management strategies are available.
Helpful Tip: These answers provide general medical information.
Consult your healthcare provider for advice tailored to your condition.