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Testicular Cancer
Urgent
Testicular cancer is a cancer that develops in the tissues of a testicle. It most often affects younger and middle-aged men and may first appear as a painless lump, swelling, enlargement, heaviness, or change in the size or feel of a testicle. Most testicular cancers can be treated successfully, particularly when detected and treated at an early stage.
Body System
Male Reproductive System
When to Seek Medical Attention
Testicular cancer requires prompt medical evaluation for a lump, swelling, enlargement, heaviness, or persistent change in a testicle. Seek assessment for persistent testicular discomfort or a new scrotal abnormality. Sudden severe testicular pain requires emergency assessment because testicular torsion can cause similar symptoms.
Symptoms
3
Causes
1
Treatments
5
Diet
4
Overview
Testicular cancer is a cancer that develops in the tissues of a testicle. It most often affects younger and middle-aged men and may first appear as a painless lump, swelling, enlargement, heaviness, or change in the size or feel of a testicle. Most testicular cancers can be treated successfully, particularly when detected and treated at an early stage.
Symptoms 3
Heavy Menstrual Bleeding
Irregular Periods
Persistent Hoarseness
Causes 1
The exact cause of testicular cancer is not known in most cases. It develops when cells in the testicle acquire abnormal changes that cause uncontrolled growth. Developmental and genetic factors can contribute to susceptibility. Some testicular cancers arise from abnormal germ cells that can develop into cancer over time. Most people with testicular cancer do not have an identifiable preventable cause.
Genetics
Risk Factors
Risk is increased by an undescended testicle, particularly when it was not corrected early, as well as a previous history of testicular cancer. A family history of testicular cancer and certain developmental or genetic conditions may also increase risk. Testicular cancer is most common in younger and middle-aged men, although it can occur at other ages.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a patient's medical history,
symptoms, physical examination and, when necessary,
laboratory or imaging investigations.
Evaluation usually begins with a medical history and examination of the testicles and scrotum. Scrotal ultrasound can help identify and characterize a testicular mass. Blood tests may measure tumor markers that can support diagnosis and help assess the disease. Additional imaging, such as CT scans, may be used to determine whether cancer has spread. Definitive diagnosis is generally established through surgical evaluation and examination of the affected tissue.
Prevention
Key Prevention Tips
There is no reliable way to prevent most cases of testicular cancer because many risk factors cannot be changed
People with an undescended testicle or other known risk factors should follow appropriate medical advice
Being familiar with the normal appearance and feel of the testicles can help a person notice changes such as a new lump, swelling, or enlargement and seek medical evaluation promptly
Prevention Guidance
There is no reliable way to prevent most cases of testicular cancer because many risk factors cannot be changed. People with an undescended testicle or other known risk factors should follow appropriate medical advice. Being familiar with the normal appearance and feel of the testicles can help a person notice changes such as a new lump, swelling, or enlargement and seek medical evaluation promptly.
Reminder: Prevention recommendations should be tailored to your personal health status and risk factors.
Treatment & Management 5
Detailed treatment guidance is currently being prepared.
Detailed treatment guidance is currently being prepared.
Detailed treatment guidance is currently being prepared.
Detailed treatment guidance is currently being prepared.
Detailed treatment guidance is currently being prepared.
Medical Note: The treatment information provided is intended for educational purposes only.
Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting,
stopping, or changing any treatment.
Diet & Nutrition 4
Recommended Foods
Fresh Fruits
Rich in antioxidants.
Vegetables
Support immune function.
Lean Protein
Supports recovery and healing.
Whole Grains
Provide sustained energy.
Foods to Avoid
Processed Meat
May negatively affect health.
Alcohol
May impair recovery.
Medical Nutrition Note: Diet recommendations are intended for general educational purposes and should be tailored to individual health needs by a qualified healthcare professional.
Frequently Asked Questions 5
It is a cancer that develops in the testicles.
A painless lump or swelling in the testicle is common.
Men with undescended testicles have higher risk.
Ultrasound and tumor marker tests are commonly used.
Many cases can be successfully treated when detected early.
Helpful Tip: These answers provide general medical information.
Consult your healthcare provider for advice tailored to your condition.