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Coronary Artery Disease
Urgent
Coronary artery disease is a condition in which the arteries supplying blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked, most commonly because of atherosclerosis. Reduced blood flow can cause chest discomfort or angina, especially during exertion. If a coronary artery becomes suddenly blocked, a heart attack can occur. Some people have coronary artery disease without noticeable symptoms until the disease becomes advanced.
Body System
Heart & Blood Vessels
When to Seek Medical Attention
Seek urgent medical attention for new or worsening chest pressure or pain, shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, fainting, or pain spreading to the arm, shoulder, back, neck, or jaw. Severe or persistent chest pain or symptoms suggesting a heart attack require emergency care.
Symptoms
3
Causes
5
Treatments
5
Diet
4
Overview
Coronary artery disease is a condition in which the arteries supplying blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked, most commonly because of atherosclerosis. Reduced blood flow can cause chest discomfort or angina, especially during exertion. If a coronary artery becomes suddenly blocked, a heart attack can occur. Some people have coronary artery disease without noticeable symptoms until the disease becomes advanced.
Symptoms 3
Chest Pain
Coughing Blood
Pain During Bowel Movement
Causes 5
Coronary artery disease most commonly develops when cholesterol, fat, calcium, and other substances accumulate in the walls of the coronary arteries and form atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques can gradually narrow the arteries and restrict blood flow. A plaque can also rupture and form a blood clot that suddenly blocks an artery. Less common causes include coronary artery spasm and other conditions affecting the coronary vessels.
High Cholesterol
Insulin Resistance
Obesity
Sedentary Lifestyle
Smoking
Risk Factors
Risk factors include high blood pressure, high LDL cholesterol, diabetes, cigarette smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary patterns, increasing age, and a family history of premature heart disease. Chronic kidney disease and certain inflammatory conditions can also increase risk. The overall risk is influenced by the combination and duration of these factors.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a patient's medical history,
symptoms, physical examination and, when necessary,
laboratory or imaging investigations.
Coronary artery disease is evaluated using medical history, symptoms, physical examination, and cardiovascular risk assessment. Tests may include an electrocardiogram, blood tests, echocardiography, exercise or pharmacologic stress testing, and coronary CT angiography. In selected patients, invasive coronary angiography may be used to directly assess the coronary arteries and determine the severity and location of blockages.
Prevention
Key Prevention Tips
The risk of coronary artery disease can be reduced by not smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, eating a heart-healthy diet, and controlling blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood glucose
Taking prescribed medicines consistently and attending recommended medical checkups are important when risk factors are present
Limiting tobacco exposure and maintaining healthy sleep and lifestyle habits can also support cardiovascular health
Prevention Guidance
The risk of coronary artery disease can be reduced by not smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, eating a heart-healthy diet, and controlling blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood glucose. Taking prescribed medicines consistently and attending recommended medical checkups are important when risk factors are present. Limiting tobacco exposure and maintaining healthy sleep and lifestyle habits can also support cardiovascular health.
Reminder: Prevention recommendations should be tailored to your personal health status and risk factors.
Treatment & Management 5
Detailed treatment guidance is currently being prepared.
Detailed treatment guidance is currently being prepared.
Detailed treatment guidance is currently being prepared.
Detailed treatment guidance is currently being prepared.
Detailed treatment guidance is currently being prepared.
Medical Note: The treatment information provided is intended for educational purposes only.
Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting,
stopping, or changing any treatment.
Diet & Nutrition 4
Recommended Foods
Oats
May help reduce cholesterol levels.
Fatty Fish
Provides heart-healthy omega-3 fats.
Leafy Vegetables
Rich in antioxidants and fiber.
Nuts
Support cardiovascular health.
Foods to Avoid
Fried Foods
Increase unhealthy fat intake.
Processed Meat
May increase cardiovascular risk.
Excess Salt
Can raise blood pressure.
Medical Nutrition Note: Diet recommendations are intended for general educational purposes and should be tailored to individual health needs by a qualified healthcare professional.
Frequently Asked Questions 5
It is a condition where coronary arteries become narrowed due to plaque buildup.
Chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue are common symptoms.
Yes, healthy lifestyle choices can significantly reduce risk.
ECG, stress tests, and angiography are commonly used.
Yes, untreated disease can lead to heart attack.
Helpful Tip: These answers provide general medical information.
Consult your healthcare provider for advice tailored to your condition.