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Thyroid Cancer
Urgent
Thyroid cancer is cancer that develops in the cells of the thyroid gland, a small gland in the front of the neck that produces hormones involved in metabolism. Several types of thyroid cancer exist, including papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic thyroid cancer. Many thyroid cancers are detected early and can be treated successfully.
Body System
Neck & Thyroid
When to Seek Medical Attention
Seek prompt medical evaluation for a thyroid or neck lump that persists or enlarges, new difficulty swallowing or breathing, persistent hoarseness, unexplained neck swelling, or rapidly worsening symptoms. Severe difficulty breathing requires emergency medical attention.
Symptoms
3
Causes
2
Treatments
5
Diet
4
Overview
Thyroid cancer is cancer that develops in the cells of the thyroid gland, a small gland in the front of the neck that produces hormones involved in metabolism. Several types of thyroid cancer exist, including papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic thyroid cancer. Many thyroid cancers are detected early and can be treated successfully.
Symptoms 3
Cough
Hoarseness
Persistent Hoarseness
Causes 2
The exact cause of most thyroid cancers is not known. Thyroid cancer develops when genetic changes cause thyroid cells to grow and divide abnormally. Some inherited genetic changes increase the risk of particular types of thyroid cancer. Exposure to high levels of radiation, particularly during childhood, is an established risk factor. Family history and certain inherited syndromes can also contribute to risk.
Chronic Disease
Infection
Risk Factors
Risk factors include previous exposure to high levels of ionizing radiation, especially during childhood, a family history of thyroid cancer, and certain inherited genetic syndromes. Some thyroid disorders and conditions affecting the thyroid may also be associated with increased risk. Risk varies according to the type of thyroid cancer.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a patient's medical history,
symptoms, physical examination and, when necessary,
laboratory or imaging investigations.
Diagnosis of thyroid cancer usually begins with a physical examination and assessment of a thyroid lump or other neck abnormality. Ultrasound can help evaluate thyroid nodules. Blood tests may assess thyroid function, although thyroid hormone levels are often normal in people with thyroid cancer. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy can be used to examine cells from a suspicious nodule. Additional imaging or testing may be needed to determine the extent of disease.
Prevention
Key Prevention Tips
There is no guaranteed way to prevent thyroid cancer
Avoiding unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation and using appropriate protection when radiation is medically necessary can reduce avoidable exposure
People with certain inherited syndromes or strong family histories may benefit from genetic counseling and appropriate medical monitoring
Children should receive radiation involving the head and neck only when medically indicated
Prevention Guidance
There is no guaranteed way to prevent thyroid cancer. Avoiding unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation and using appropriate protection when radiation is medically necessary can reduce avoidable exposure. People with certain inherited syndromes or strong family histories may benefit from genetic counseling and appropriate medical monitoring. Children should receive radiation involving the head and neck only when medically indicated.
Reminder: Prevention recommendations should be tailored to your personal health status and risk factors.
Treatment & Management 5
Antibiotics and supportive medical care.
Supportive recovery approach.
Individualized care.
Supportive therapy.
Recovery and breathing exercises.
Medical Note: The treatment information provided is intended for educational purposes only.
Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting,
stopping, or changing any treatment.
Diet & Nutrition 4
Recommended Foods
Warm Fluids
Soups
Fruits
Protein Rich Foods
Foods to Avoid
Smoking
Medical Nutrition Note: Diet recommendations are intended for general educational purposes and should be tailored to individual health needs by a qualified healthcare professional.
Frequently Asked Questions 5
Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs.
Bacteria, viruses, and fungi can cause pneumonia.
Older adults, children, smokers, and people with weak immunity.
Yes. Severe cases may require hospitalization.
Yes. Vaccination reduces risk in many people.
Helpful Tip: These answers provide general medical information.
Consult your healthcare provider for advice tailored to your condition.