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Ovarian Cyst
Moderate
An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac or other tissue-filled structure that develops in or on an ovary. Many ovarian cysts are functional, occur as part of the normal menstrual cycle, and disappear without treatment. Others may develop because of conditions such as endometriosis or abnormal cell growth. Small cysts may cause no symptoms, while larger or complicated cysts can cause pelvic pain, pressure, bloating, or menstrual changes. Rarely, a cyst can rupture, bleed, or cause the ovary to twist.
Body System
Female Reproductive System
When to Seek Medical Attention
Many ovarian cysts are benign and resolve without complications, but some can rupture or cause ovarian torsion. Seek prompt assessment for persistent pelvic pain, increasing abdominal swelling, or unusual bleeding. Emergency care is needed for sudden severe pelvic or abdominal pain, especially with nausea, vomiting, dizziness, or fainting.
Symptoms
2
Causes
1
Treatments
5
Diet
3
Overview
An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac or other tissue-filled structure that develops in or on an ovary. Many ovarian cysts are functional, occur as part of the normal menstrual cycle, and disappear without treatment. Others may develop because of conditions such as endometriosis or abnormal cell growth. Small cysts may cause no symptoms, while larger or complicated cysts can cause pelvic pain, pressure, bloating, or menstrual changes. Rarely, a cyst can rupture, bleed, or cause the ovary to twist.
Symptoms 2
Itching
Skin Redness
Causes 1
Ovarian cysts have several possible causes. Functional cysts develop as part of the normal menstrual cycle when a follicle does not release an egg normally or does not shrink as expected afterward. Other cysts may occur with endometriosis, pregnancy, hormonal stimulation, or abnormal growth of ovarian cells. Most are benign, but some tumors can form cystic structures. The cause cannot always be determined from symptoms alone, and ultrasound is often used to characterize a cyst.
Hormonal Imbalance
Risk Factors
Risk factors for ovarian cysts include being of reproductive age, having irregular menstrual cycles, certain hormonal treatments, pregnancy, endometriosis, and previous ovarian cysts. Some fertility treatments can increase the likelihood of developing ovarian cysts. The risk and significance depend on the type of cyst. After menopause, ovarian cysts are less common but may require more careful evaluation because the likelihood of a concerning underlying condition changes with age.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a patient's medical history,
symptoms, physical examination and, when necessary,
laboratory or imaging investigations.
Ovarian cysts are commonly evaluated with a pelvic examination and ultrasound. Transvaginal ultrasound can show the size, location, and appearance of a cyst and help distinguish simple fluid-filled cysts from more complex structures. Pregnancy testing may be appropriate in people who could be pregnant. Blood tests or additional imaging may be recommended depending on age, symptoms, and ultrasound findings. In some cases, follow-up imaging is used to determine whether a cyst resolves over time.
Prevention
Key Prevention Tips
Most ovarian cysts cannot be prevented because many develop as part of normal ovarian function
Regular medical care can help identify persistent or recurrent cysts and conditions such as endometriosis that may contribute to cyst formation
People receiving fertility medicines should follow monitoring recommendations
New or severe pelvic pain should be evaluated promptly, especially when accompanied by vomiting, fainting, or sudden symptoms that could indicate rupture or ovarian torsion
Prevention Guidance
Most ovarian cysts cannot be prevented because many develop as part of normal ovarian function. Regular medical care can help identify persistent or recurrent cysts and conditions such as endometriosis that may contribute to cyst formation. People receiving fertility medicines should follow monitoring recommendations. New or severe pelvic pain should be evaluated promptly, especially when accompanied by vomiting, fainting, or sudden symptoms that could indicate rupture or ovarian torsion.
Reminder: Prevention recommendations should be tailored to your personal health status and risk factors.
Treatment & Management 5
Detailed treatment guidance is currently being prepared.
Detailed treatment guidance is currently being prepared.
Detailed treatment guidance is currently being prepared.
Detailed treatment guidance is currently being prepared.
Detailed treatment guidance is currently being prepared.
Medical Note: The treatment information provided is intended for educational purposes only.
Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting,
stopping, or changing any treatment.
Diet & Nutrition 3
Recommended Foods
Fresh Fruits
Provide vitamins and antioxidants.
Vegetables
Support hormonal balance.
Whole Grains
Support metabolic health.
Foods to Avoid
Sugary Foods
May worsen metabolic imbalance.
Highly Processed Foods
May negatively affect hormonal health.
Medical Nutrition Note: Diet recommendations are intended for general educational purposes and should be tailored to individual health needs by a qualified healthcare professional.
Frequently Asked Questions 5
It is a fluid-filled sac in or on the ovary.
Many cysts resolve without treatment.
Pelvic pain and bloating may occur.
Ultrasound is commonly used.
Large cysts may occasionally cause complications.
Helpful Tip: These answers provide general medical information.
Consult your healthcare provider for advice tailored to your condition.